Symbol: V

Atomic Number: 23

Atomic Mass: 50.9415 u

Period: 4

Group: 5

Block: d-block

State: Solid at room temperature

Melting Point: 1,910°C (3,470°F)

Boiling Point: 3,407°C (6,165°F)

Density: 6.11 g/cm³

Crystal Structure: Body-centered cubic

Category: Transition Metal

Series: First transition series

Oxidation States: +1, +2, +3, +4, +5

Electron Configuration: [Ar] 3d³ 4s²

Valence Electrons: 5

• Excellent corrosion resistance

• High strength-to-weight ratio

• Multiple oxidation states

• Forms colorful compounds

• Hard and ductile metal

• Paramagnetic properties

Discoverer: Andrés Manuel del Río

Location: Mexico

Original Name: "Erythronium" (from Greek erythros = red)

A Spanish-Mexican mineralogist discovered vanadium in lead ores from Zimapán, Mexico. He initially called it "erythronium" due to the red color of its salts when heated.

Rediscoverer: Nils Gabriel Sefström

Location: Sweden

Source: Iron ore

Swedish chemist Sefström rediscovered the element in iron ore and named it "vanadium" after Vanadis, another name for Freyja, the Norse goddess of beauty and fertility.

First Isolation: 1867 by Henry Roscoe

Pure Metal: 1927 by John Wesley Marden and Malcolm Rich

Commercial Production: 1930s

The development of vanadium steel in the early 1900s revolutionized the automotive industry, with Henry Ford using vanadium steel in the Model T.

Name Origin: Vanadis (Norse goddess)

Symbol: V

Reason: Beautiful multicolored compounds

Sefström chose the name "vanadium" because of the element's ability to form compounds of many beautiful colors, worthy of the goddess of beauty.